Python - mac - tkinter download windows 10 64 bit. How to pip or easyinstall tkinter (7) I had the similar problem with Win-8 and python-3.4 32 bit, I got it resolved by downloading same version from python.org. Next step will be to hit the repair button and Install the Tk/tkinter Package or Just hit the repair. Tkinter is Python's de-facto standard GUI (Graphical User Interface) package. It is a thin object-oriented layer on top of Tcl/Tk. Tkinter is not the only GuiProgramming toolkit for Python. It is however the most commonly used one.
The
Tkinter
module (“Tk interface”) is the standard Python interface tothe Tk GUI toolkit. Both Tk and Tkinter
are available on most Unixplatforms, as well as on Windows systems. (Tk itself is not part of Python; itis maintained at ActiveState.)Running
python-mTkinter
from the command line should open a windowdemonstrating a simple Tk interface, letting you know that Tkinter
isproperly installed on your system, and also showing what version of Tcl/Tk isinstalled, so you can read the Tcl/Tk documentation specific to that version.Note
The standard GUI (Graphical User Interface) package is called Tkinter. By default, its included with the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X install of Python. It is sometimes called “one of the minor traditions of the Python world”. How to install tkinter with Python 3 on Mac. Tkinter is an old GUI toolkit, that has been popular also in some Python projects. Sometimes it might be tricky to install. If you just can't get past ImportError: No module named 'tkinter', read on. We'll install it with Python 3.4 on Mac OX S Yosemite and macports. Jan 18, 2020.
Tkinter
has been renamed to tkinter
in Python 3. The2to3 tool will automatically adapt imports when converting yoursources to Python 3.See also
Tkinter documentation:
The Python Tkinter Topic Guide provides a great deal of information on using Tkfrom Python and links to other sources of information on Tk.
Extensive tutorial plus friendlier widget pages for some of the widgets.
On-line reference material.
Online reference for tkinter supported by effbot.org.
Book by Mark Lutz, has excellent coverage of Tkinter.
Book by Mark Roseman about building attractive and modern graphical user interfaces with Python and Tkinter.
Book by John Grayson (ISBN 1-884777-81-3).
Tcl/Tk documentation:
Most commands are available as
Tkinter
or Tkinter.ttk
classes.Change ‘8.6’ to match the version of your Tcl/Tk installation.Recent Tcl/Tk manuals on www.tcl.tk.
The Tk/Tcl development is largely taking place at ActiveState.
Book by John Ousterhout, the inventor of Tcl.
Brent Welch’s encyclopedic book.
24.1.1. Tkinter Modules¶
Most of the time, the
Tkinter
module is all you really need, but a numberof additional modules are available as well. The Tk interface is located in abinary module named _tkinter
. This module contains the low-levelinterface to Tk, and should never be used directly by application programmers.It is usually a shared library (or DLL), but might in some cases be staticallylinked with the Python interpreter.In addition to the Tk interface module,
Tkinter
includes a number ofPython modules. The two most important modules are the Tkinter
moduleitself, and a module called Tkconstants
. The former automatically importsthe latter, so to use Tkinter, all you need to do is to import one module:Or, more often:
Tkinter.
Tk
(screenName=None, baseName=None, className='Tk', useTk=1)¶The
Tk
class is instantiated without arguments. This creates a toplevelwidget of Tk which usually is the main window of an application. Each instancehas its own associated Tcl interpreter.Changed in version 2.4: The useTk parameter was added.
Tkinter.
Tcl
(screenName=None, baseName=None, className='Tk', useTk=0)¶The
Tcl()
function is a factory function which creates an object much likethat created by the Tk
class, except that it does not initialize the Tksubsystem. This is most often useful when driving the Tcl interpreter in anenvironment where one doesn’t want to create extraneous toplevel windows, orwhere one cannot (such as Unix/Linux systems without an X server). An objectcreated by the Tcl()
object can have a Toplevel window created (and the Tksubsystem initialized) by calling its loadtk()
method.Other modules that provide Tk support include:
ScrolledText
Text widget with a vertical scroll bar built in.
tkColorChooser
Dialog to let the user choose a color.
tkCommonDialog
Base class for the dialogs defined in the other modules listed here.
tkFileDialog
Common dialogs to allow the user to specify a file to open or save.
tkFont
Utilities to help work with fonts.
tkMessageBox
Access to standard Tk dialog boxes.
tkSimpleDialog
Basic dialogs and convenience functions.
Tkinter Mac Install
Tkdnd
Drag-and-drop support for
Tkinter
. This is experimental and should becomedeprecated when it is replaced with the Tk DND.turtle
Turtle graphics in a Tk window.
These have been renamed as well in Python 3; they were all made submodules ofthe new
tkinter
package.24.1.2. Tkinter Life Preserver¶
This section is not designed to be an exhaustive tutorial on either Tk orTkinter. Rather, it is intended as a stop gap, providing some introductoryorientation on the system.
Credits:
- Tkinter was written by Steen Lumholt and Guido van Rossum.
- Tk was written by John Ousterhout while at Berkeley.
- This Life Preserver was written by Matt Conway at the University of Virginia.
- The html rendering, and some liberal editing, was produced from a FrameMakerversion by Ken Manheimer.
- Fredrik Lundh elaborated and revised the class interface descriptions, to getthem current with Tk 4.2.
- Mike Clarkson converted the documentation to LaTeX, and compiled the UserInterface chapter of the reference manual.
24.1.2.1. How To Use This Section¶
This section is designed in two parts: the first half (roughly) coversbackground material, while the second half can be taken to the keyboard as ahandy reference.
When trying to answer questions of the form “how do I do blah”, it is often bestto find out how to do “blah” in straight Tk, and then convert this back into thecorresponding
Tkinter
call. Python programmers can often guess at thecorrect Python command by looking at the Tk documentation. This means that inorder to use Tkinter, you will have to know a little bit about Tk. This documentcan’t fulfill that role, so the best we can do is point you to the bestdocumentation that exists. Here are some hints:- The authors strongly suggest getting a copy of the Tk man pages. Specifically,the man pages in the
mann
directory are most useful. Theman3
man pagesdescribe the C interface to the Tk library and thus are not especially helpfulfor script writers. - Addison-Wesley publishes a book called Tcl and the Tk Toolkit by JohnOusterhout (ISBN 0-201-63337-X) which is a good introduction to Tcl and Tk forthe novice. The book is not exhaustive, and for many details it defers to theman pages.
Tkinter.py
is a last resort for most, but can be a good place to gowhen nothing else makes sense.
24.1.2.2. A Simple Hello World Program¶
24.1.3. A (Very) Quick Look at Tcl/Tk¶
The class hierarchy looks complicated, but in actual practice, applicationprogrammers almost always refer to the classes at the very bottom of thehierarchy.
Notes:
- These classes are provided for the purposes of organizing certain functionsunder one namespace. They aren’t meant to be instantiated independently.
- The
Tk
class is meant to be instantiated only once in an application.Application programmers need not instantiate one explicitly, the system createsone whenever any of the other classes are instantiated. - The
Widget
class is not meant to be instantiated, it is meant onlyfor subclassing to make “real” widgets (in C++, this is called an ‘abstractclass’).
To make use of this reference material, there will be times when you will needto know how to read short passages of Tk and how to identify the various partsof a Tk command. (See section Mapping Basic Tk into Tkinter for the
Tkinter
equivalents of what’s below.)Tk scripts are Tcl programs. Like all Tcl programs, Tk scripts are just listsof tokens separated by spaces. A Tk widget is just its class, the optionsthat help configure it, and the actions that make it do useful things.
To make a widget in Tk, the command is always of the form:
denotes which kind of widget to make (a button, a label, a menu…)
is the new name for this widget. All names in Tk must be unique. To helpenforce this, widgets in Tk are named with pathnames, just like files in afile system. The top level widget, the root, is called
.
(period) andchildren are delimited by more periods. For example,.myApp.controlPanel.okButton
might be the name of a widget.configure the widget’s appearance and in some cases, its behavior. The optionscome in the form of a list of flags and values. Flags are preceded by a ‘-‘,like Unix shell command flags, and values are put in quotes if they are morethan one word.
For example:
Once created, the pathname to the widget becomes a new command. This newwidget command is the programmer’s handle for getting the new widget toperform some action. In C, you’d express this as someAction(fred,someOptions), in C++, you would express this as fred.someAction(someOptions),and in Tk, you say:
Note that the object name,
.fred
, starts with a dot.As you’d expect, the legal values for someAction will depend on the widget’sclass:
.freddisable
works if fred is a button (fred gets greyed out), butdoes not work if fred is a label (disabling of labels is not supported in Tk).The legal values of someOptions is action dependent. Some actions, like
disable
, require no arguments, others, like a text-entry box’s delete
command, would need arguments to specify what range of text to delete.24.1.4. Mapping Basic Tk into Tkinter¶
Class commands in Tk correspond to class constructors in Tkinter.
The master of an object is implicit in the new name given to it at creationtime. In Tkinter, masters are specified explicitly.
The configuration options in Tk are given in lists of hyphened tags followed byvalues. In Tkinter, options are specified as keyword-arguments in the instanceconstructor, and keyword-args for configure calls or as instance indices, indictionary style, for established instances. See sectionSetting Options on setting options.
In Tk, to perform an action on a widget, use the widget name as a command, andfollow it with an action name, possibly with arguments (options). In Tkinter,you call methods on the class instance to invoke actions on the widget. Theactions (methods) that a given widget can perform are listed in the Tkinter.pymodule.
To give a widget to the packer (geometry manager), you call pack with optionalarguments. In Tkinter, the Pack class holds all this functionality, and thevarious forms of the pack command are implemented as methods. All widgets in
Tkinter
are subclassed from the Packer, and so inherit all the packingmethods. See the Tix
module documentation for additional information onthe Form geometry manager.24.1.5. How Tk and Tkinter are Related¶
From the top down:
A Python application makes a
Tkinter
call.This call (say, for example, creating a button widget), is implemented in theTkinter module, which is written in Python. This Python function will parsethe commands and the arguments and convert them into a form that makes them lookas if they had come from a Tk script instead of a Python script.
These commands and their arguments will be passed to a C function in thetkinter - note the lowercase - extension module.
This C function is able to make calls into other C modules, including the Cfunctions that make up the Tk library. Tk is implemented in C and some Tcl.The Tcl part of the Tk widgets is used to bind certain default behaviors towidgets, and is executed once at the point where the Python
Tkinter
module is imported. (The user never sees this stage).The Tk part of the Tk Widgets implement the final mapping to …
the Xlib library to draw graphics on the screen.
24.1.6. Handy Reference¶
24.1.6.1. Setting Options¶
Options control things like the color and border width of a widget. Options canbe set in three ways:
- At object creation time, using keyword arguments
- After object creation, treating the option name like a dictionary index
- Use the config() method to update multiple attrs subsequent to object creation
For a complete explanation of a given option and its behavior, see the Tk manpages for the widget in question.
Note that the man pages list “STANDARD OPTIONS” and “WIDGET SPECIFIC OPTIONS”for each widget. The former is a list of options that are common to manywidgets, the latter are the options that are idiosyncratic to that particularwidget. The Standard Options are documented on the options(3) manpage.
No distinction between standard and widget-specific options is made in thisdocument. Some options don’t apply to some kinds of widgets. Whether a givenwidget responds to a particular option depends on the class of the widget;buttons have a
command
option, labels do not.Tkinter How To
The options supported by a given widget are listed in that widget’s man page, orcan be queried at runtime by calling the
config()
method withoutarguments, or by calling the keys()
method on that widget. The returnvalue of these calls is a dictionary whose key is the name of the option as astring (for example, 'relief'
) and whose values are 5-tuples.Some options, like
bg
are synonyms for common options with long names(bg
is shorthand for “background”). Passing the config()
method the nameof a shorthand option will return a 2-tuple, not 5-tuple. The 2-tuple passedback will contain the name of the synonym and the “real” option (such as('bg','background')
).Index | Meaning | Example |
---|---|---|
0 | option name | 'relief' |
1 | option name for database lookup | 'relief' |
2 | option class for databaselookup | 'Relief' |
3 | default value | 'raised' |
4 | current value | 'groove' |
Example:
Of course, the dictionary printed will include all the options available andtheir values. This is meant only as an example.
24.1.6.2. The Packer¶
The packer is one of Tk’s geometry-management mechanisms. Geometry managersare used to specify the relative positioning of the positioning of widgetswithin their container - their mutual master. In contrast to the morecumbersome placer (which is used less commonly, and we do not cover here), thepacker takes qualitative relationship specification - above, to the left of,filling, etc - and works everything out to determine the exact placementcoordinates for you.
The size of any master widget is determined by the size of the “slave widgets”inside. The packer is used to control where slave widgets appear inside themaster into which they are packed. You can pack widgets into frames, and framesinto other frames, in order to achieve the kind of layout you desire.Additionally, the arrangement is dynamically adjusted to accommodate incrementalchanges to the configuration, once it is packed.
Note that widgets do not appear until they have had their geometry specifiedwith a geometry manager. It’s a common early mistake to leave out the geometryspecification, and then be surprised when the widget is created but nothingappears. A widget will appear only after it has had, for example, the packer’s
pack()
method applied to it.The pack() method can be called with keyword-option/value pairs that controlwhere the widget is to appear within its container, and how it is to behave whenthe main application window is resized. Here are some examples:
24.1.6.3. Packer Options¶
For more extensive information on the packer and the options that it can take,see the man pages and page 183 of John Ousterhout’s book.
Anchor type. Denotes where the packer is to place each slave in its parcel.
Boolean,
0
or 1
.Legal values:
'x'
, 'y'
, 'both'
, 'none'
.A distance - designating internal padding on each side of the slave widget.
A distance - designating external padding on each side of the slave widget.
Legal values are:
'left'
, 'right'
, 'top'
, 'bottom'
.24.1.6.4. Coupling Widget Variables¶
The current-value setting of some widgets (like text entry widgets) can beconnected directly to application variables by using special options. Theseoptions are
variable
, textvariable
, onvalue
, offvalue
, andvalue
. This connection works both ways: if the variable changes for anyreason, the widget it’s connected to will be updated to reflect the new value.Unfortunately, in the current implementation of
Tkinter
it is notpossible to hand over an arbitrary Python variable to a widget through avariable
or textvariable
option. The only kinds of variables for whichthis works are variables that are subclassed from a class called Variable,defined in the Tkinter
module.There are many useful subclasses of Variable already defined:
StringVar
, IntVar
, DoubleVar
, andBooleanVar
. To read the current value of such a variable, call theget()
method on it, and to change its value you call the set()
method. If you follow this protocol, the widget will always track the value ofthe variable, with no further intervention on your part.For example:
24.1.6.5. The Window Manager¶
In Tk, there is a utility command,
wm
, for interacting with the windowmanager. Options to the wm
command allow you to control things like titles,placement, icon bitmaps, and the like. In Tkinter
, these commands havebeen implemented as methods on the Wm
class. Toplevel widgets aresubclassed from the Wm
class, and so can call the Wm
methodsdirectly.To get at the toplevel window that contains a given widget, you can often justrefer to the widget’s master. Of course if the widget has been packed inside ofa frame, the master won’t represent a toplevel window. To get at the toplevelwindow that contains an arbitrary widget, you can call the
_root()
method.This method begins with an underscore to denote the fact that this function ispart of the implementation, and not an interface to Tk functionality.![How How](https://a.fsdn.com/con/app/proj/tkintertable/screenshots/167971.jpg/245/183/1)
Here are some examples of typical usage:
24.1.6.6. Tk Option Data Types¶
Legal values are points of the compass:
'n'
, 'ne'
, 'e'
, 'se'
,'s'
, 'sw'
, 'w'
, 'nw'
, and also 'center'
.There are eight built-in, named bitmaps:
'error'
, 'gray25'
,'gray50'
, 'hourglass'
, 'info'
, 'questhead'
, 'question'
,'warning'
. To specify an X bitmap filename, give the full path to the file,preceded with an @
, as in '@/usr/contrib/bitmap/gumby.bit'
.You can pass integers 0 or 1 or the strings
'yes'
or 'no'
.This is any Python function that takes no arguments. For example:
Colors can be given as the names of X colors in the rgb.txt file, or as stringsrepresenting RGB values in 4 bit:
'#RGB'
, 8 bit: '#RRGGBB'
, 12 bit”'#RRRGGGBBB'
, or 16 bit '#RRRRGGGGBBBB'
ranges, where R,G,B hererepresent any legal hex digit. See page 160 of Ousterhout’s book for details.The standard X cursor names from
cursorfont.h
can be used, without theXC_
prefix. For example to get a hand cursor (XC_hand2
), use thestring 'hand2'
. You can also specify a bitmap and mask file of your own.See page 179 of Ousterhout’s book.Screen distances can be specified in either pixels or absolute distances.Pixels are given as numbers and absolute distances as strings, with the trailingcharacter denoting units:
c
for centimetres, i
for inches, m
formillimetres, p
for printer’s points. For example, 3.5 inches is expressedas '3.5i'
.Tk uses a list font name format, such as
{courier10bold}
. Font sizes withpositive numbers are measured in points; sizes with negative numbers aremeasured in pixels.This is a string of the form
widthxheight
, where width and height aremeasured in pixels for most widgets (in characters for widgets displaying text).For example: fred['geometry']='200x100'
.Legal values are the strings:
'left'
, 'center'
, 'right'
, and'fill'
.This is a string with four space-delimited elements, each of which is a legaldistance (see above). For example:
'2345'
and '3i2i4.5i2i'
and'3c2c4c10.43c'
are all legal regions.Determines what the border style of a widget will be. Legal values are:
'raised'
, 'sunken'
, 'flat'
, 'groove'
, and 'ridge'
.This is almost always the
set()
method of some scrollbar widget, but canbe any widget method that takes a single argument. Refer to the fileDemo/tkinter/matt/canvas-with-scrollbars.py
in the Python sourcedistribution for an example.Must be one of:
'none'
, 'char'
, or 'word'
.24.1.6.7. Bindings and Events¶
The bind method from the widget command allows you to watch for certain eventsand to have a callback function trigger when that event type occurs. The formof the bind method is:
where:
is a string that denotes the target kind of event. (See the bind man page andpage 201 of John Ousterhout’s book for details).
is a Python function, taking one argument, to be invoked when the event occurs.An Event instance will be passed as the argument. (Functions deployed this wayare commonly known as callbacks.)
is optional, either
'
or '+'
. Passing an empty string denotes thatthis binding is to replace any other bindings that this event is associatedwith. Passing a '+'
means that this function is to be added to the listof functions bound to this event type.For example:
Notice how the widget field of the event is being accessed in the
turnRed()
callback. This field contains the widget that caught the Xevent. The following table lists the other event fields you can access, and howthey are denoted in Tk, which can be useful when referring to the Tk man pages.24.1.6.8. The index Parameter¶
A number of widgets require”index” parameters to be passed. These are used topoint at a specific place in a Text widget, or to particular characters in anEntry widget, or to particular menu items in a Menu widget.
Entry widgets have options that refer to character positions in the text beingdisplayed. You can use these
Tkinter
functions to access these specialpoints in text widgets:refers to the last position in the text
refers to the point where the text cursor is
indicates the beginning point of the selected text
denotes the last point of the selected text and finally
refers to the character at pixel location x, y (with y not used in thecase of a text entry widget, which contains a single line of text).
The index notation for Text widgets is very rich and is best described in the Tkman pages.
Some options and methods for menus manipulate specific menu entries. Anytime amenu index is needed for an option or a parameter, you may pass in:
- an integer which refers to the numeric position of the entry in the widget,counted from the top, starting with 0;
- the string
'active'
, which refers to the menu position that is currentlyunder the cursor; - the string
'last'
which refers to the last menu item; - An integer preceded by
@
, as in@6
, where the integer is interpretedas a y pixel coordinate in the menu’s coordinate system; - the string
'none'
, which indicates no menu entry at all, most often usedwith menu.activate() to deactivate all entries, and finally, - a text string that is pattern matched against the label of the menu entry, asscanned from the top of the menu to the bottom. Note that this index type isconsidered after all the others, which means that matches for menu itemslabelled
last
,active
, ornone
may be interpreted as the aboveliterals, instead.
24.1.6.9. Images¶
Images of different formats can be created through the corresponding subclassof
Tkinter.Image
:BitmapImage
for images in XBM format.PhotoImage
for images in PGM, PPM, GIF and PNG formats. The latteris supported starting with Tk 8.6.
Either type of image is created through either the
file
or the data
option (other options are available as well).The image object can then be used wherever an
image
option is supported bysome widget (e.g. labels, buttons, menus). In these cases, Tk will not keep areference to the image. When the last Python reference to the image object isdeleted, the image data is deleted as well, and Tk will display an empty boxwherever the image was used.See also
The Pillow package adds support forformats such as BMP, JPEG, TIFF, and WebP, among others.
24.1.7. File Handlers¶
Tk allows you to register and unregister a callback function which will becalled from the Tk mainloop when I/O is possible on a file descriptor.Only one handler may be registered per file descriptor. Example code:
This feature is not available on Windows.
Since you don’t know how many bytes are available for reading, you may notwant to use the
BufferedIOBase
or TextIOBase
read()
or readline()
methods,since these will insist on reading a predefined number of bytes.For sockets, the recv()
orrecvfrom()
methods will work fine; for other files,use raw reads or os.read(file.fileno(),maxbytecount)
.Widget.tk.
createfilehandler
(file, mask, func)¶Registers the file handler callback function func. The file argumentmay either be an object with a
fileno()
method (such asa file or socket object), or an integer file descriptor. The maskargument is an ORed combination of any of the three constants below.The callback is called as follows:Widget.tk.
deletefilehandler
(file)¶Unregisters a file handler.
Tkinter.
READABLE
¶Tkinter.
WRITABLE
¶Tkinter.
EXCEPTION
¶Constants used in the mask arguments.
Tkinter is Python's de-facto standard GUI (Graphical User Interface) package. It is a thin object-oriented layer on top of Tcl/Tk.
Tkinter is not the only GuiProgramming toolkit for Python. It is however the most commonly used one. CameronLaird calls the yearly decision to keep TkInter 'one of the minor traditions of the Python world.'
Tkinter Documentation
- Tkinter reference: a GUI for Python (pdf version) by John W. Shipman, New Mexico Tech Computer Center.
- Python and Tkinter Programming by John Grayson (see also GuiBooks). This book just recently came back into print on demand, see the publisher's website.
- Python GUI with Tkinter is a complete tutorial that covers all the widgets for the Tkinter library, complete with examples.
- Thinking in Tkinter is an introduction to some basic Tkinter programming concepts.
- TkDocs Tutorial, official Tkinter documentation that covers Python 3+ and Tk8.5, with easy to follow examples.
- Graphical User Interfaces with Tk, a chapter from the Python Documentation.
- Online Tcl/Tk Manual Pages - the official man pages at the Tcl Developer Xchange.
- Tips for Python/Tk by Andreas Balogh (about useful documentation, GUI builders and tips using Grid and HList widgets).
- The New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology created its own Tkinter manual. It is available in HTML and PDF.
- The Tkinter Life Preserver, by Matt Conway is still useful, though way out of date. It's the only document that explains how to read the Tcl/Tk manuals and translate the information there to Tkinter calls. HTML version, converted by Ken Manheimer.
- The source: when all else fails: Read The Source, Luke!
- Demo/tkinter/ in the Python source distribution.
- This contains many helpful examples, including updated versions of Matt Conway's examples.
- Lib/lib-tk/Tkinter.py in any Python distribution.
- Other prominent Tcl/Tk sites:
- Tcl Developer Xchange
- Tcl project at SourceForge
- Tcl foundry at SourceForge
- Other Tcl/Tk related links:
- Simple toolsuite to create Tkinter GUIs on the fly from JSON files
Tkinter Extensions
- Pmw (http://pmw.sourceforge.net)
- Tix (http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-Tix.html)
- TkZinc (http://www.tkzinc.org)
- Tkinter3000 (http://tkinter.effbot.org)
- How Tkinter can exploit Tcl/Tk extensions
Comments
MythDebunking: TkInter is ugly on Windows (http://wiki.tcl.tk/8646)
Checking your Tkinter support
A good way to systematically check whether your Tkinter support is working is the following.
Enter an interactive Python interpreter in a shell on an X console.
Step 1 - can _tkinter be imported?
Try the following command at the Python prompt:
>>> import _tkinter # with underscore, and lowercase 't'
- If it works, go to step 2.
- If it fails with 'No module named _tkinter', your Python configuration needs to be modified to include this module (which is an extension module implemented in C). Do **not** edit Modules/Setup (it is out of date). You may have to install Tcl and Tk (when using RPM, install the -devel RPMs as well) and/or edit the setup.py script to point to the right locations where Tcl/Tk is installed. If you install Tcl/Tk in the default locations, simply rerunning 'make' should build the _tkinter extension.
- If it fails with an error from the dynamic linker, see above (for Unix, check for a header/library file mismatch; for Windows, check that the TCL/TK DLLs can be found).
Step 2 - can Tkinter be imported?
Try the correct command for your version at the Python prompt:
>>> import Tkinter # no underscore, uppercase 'T' for versions prior to V3.0
>>> import tkinter # no underscore, lowercase 't' for V3.0 and later
- If it works, go to step 3.
- If it fails with 'No module named Tkinter', your Python configuration need to be changed to include the directory that contains Tkinter.py in its default module search path. You have probably forgotten to define TKPATH in the Modules/Setup file. A temporary workaround would be to find that directory and add it to your PYTHONPATH environment variable. It is the subdirectory named 'lib-tk' of the Python library directory (when using Python 1.4 or before, it is named 'tkinter').
Step 3 - does Tkinter work?
Try the correct command for your Python version at the Python prompt:
>>> Tkinter._test() # note underscore in _test and uppercase 'T' for versions prior to V3.0
>>> tkinter._test() # note underscore in _test and lowercase 'T' for V3.0 and later
- This should pop up a small window with two buttons. Clicking the 'Quit' button makes it go away and the command return. If this works, you're all set. (When running this test on Windows, from Python run in a MS-DOS console, the new window somehow often pops up *under* the console window. This can also occur when using iTerm on Mac OS X. Move it aside or locate the Tk window in the Taskbar / Dock.)
- If this doesn't work, study the error message you get; if you can't see how to fix the problem, ask for help.
CategoryPyGUI